The nuclear receptor superfamily consists of the steroid and non-steroid hormone receptors and the orphan nuclear receptors. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an orphan family nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose and cholesterol metabolism. Recent studies reported a previously unidentified role for SHP in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. The innate immune system has a critical function in the initial response against a variety of microbial and danger signals. Activation of the innate immune response results in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to promote anti-microbial effects. An excessive or uncontrolled inflammatory response is potentially harmful to the host, and can cause tissue damage or pathological threat. Therefore, the innate immune response should be tightly regulated to enhance host defense while preventing unwanted immune pathologic responses. In this review, we discuss recent studies showing that SHP is involved in the negative regulation of toll-like receptor-induced and NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3)-mediated inflammatory responses in innate immune cells. Understanding the function of SHP in innate immune cells will allow us to prevent or modulate acute and chronic inflammation processes in cases where dysregulated innate immune activation results in damage to normal tissues.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Upregulation of Anti-Angiogenic miR-106b-3p Correlates Negatively with IGF-1 and Vascular Health Parameters in a Model of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: Study with Metformin Therapy
  Sherin Bakhashab, Josie O’Neill, Rosie Barber, Catherine Arden, Jolanta U. Weaver
  Biomedicines.2024; 12(1): 171.     CrossRef
• Role of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) in HBV-induced hepatitis: Opportunities for developing novel therapeutics
  Zhentao Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yiwen Zhang, Yutao Lou, Luqi Ge, Wanli Zhang, Wen Zhang, Feifeng Song, Ping Huang
  Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 219: 115956.     CrossRef
• Chlorpyrifos induces apoptosis and necroptosis via the activation of CYP450s pathway mediated by nuclear receptors in LMH cells
  Xinyu Zhang, Kexin Sun, Xu Wang, Xu Shi, Duqiang Gong
  Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(1): 1060.     CrossRef
• A perspective study of the possible impact of obeticholic acid against SARS-CoV-2 infection
  Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Fadia S. Youssef, Suzy A. El-Sherbeni, Walaa A. Negm
  Inflammopharmacology.2023; 31(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Is Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 a Target for the Intervention of Cytokine Storms?
  Zihang Liu, Panpan Deng, Shengnan Liu, Yiying Bian, Yuanyuan Xu, Qiang Zhang, Huihui Wang, Jingbo Pi
  Antioxidants.2023; 12(1): 172.     CrossRef
• Small Heterodimer Partner Modulates Macrophage Differentiation during Innate Immune Response through the Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathways
  Forkan Ahamed, Natalie Eppler, Elizabeth Jones, Lily He, Yuxia Zhang
  Biomedicines.2023; 11(9): 2403.     CrossRef
• Natural products modulate NLRP3 in ulcerative colitis
  Jia-Chen Xue, Shuo Yuan, Xiao-Ting Hou, Huan Meng, Bao-Hong Liu, Wen-Wen Cheng, Ming Zhao, Hong-Ben Li, Xue-Fen Guo, Chang Di, Min-Jie Li, Qing-Gao Zhang
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of small heterodimer partner and FGF 19 levels in prediction of perinatal morbidity in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
  Mehmet Bayram, Kader Irak, Sami Cifci, Ali Riza Koksal, Cemal Kazezoglu, Zuat Acar, Halil Onur Ozarı, Huseyin Alkim
  Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2022; 42(5): 1174.     CrossRef
• Nuclear Receptors as Multiple Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome Function
  Ahmad Alatshan, Szilvia Benkő
  Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Orphan Nuclear Receptor Gene NR0B2 Is a Favorite Prognosis Factor Modulated by Multiple Cellular Signal Pathways in Human Liver Cancers
  Runzhi Zhu, Yanjie Tu, Jingxia Chang, Haixia Xu, Jean C. Li, Wang Liu, Ahn-Dao Do, Yuxia Zhang, Jinhu Wang, Benyi Li
  Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Small heterodimer partner as a predictor of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy response and survival in patients with rectal cancer: A preliminary study
  Sup Kim, Mina Joo, Min-Kyung Yeo, Moon-June Cho, Jun-Sang Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo, Jin-Man Kim
  Oncology Letters.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• LPS Stimulation Induces Small Heterodimer Partner Expression Through the AMPK-NRF2 Pathway in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
  Jianlong Du, Xiaojun Xiang, Dan Xu, Kun Cui, Yuning Pang, Wei Xu, Kangsen Mai, Qinghui Ai
  Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Host Transcription Factors in Hepatitis B Virus RNA Synthesis
  Kristi L. Turton, Vanessa Meier-Stephenson, Maulik D. Badmalia, Carla S. Coffin, Trushar R. Patel
  Viruses.2020; 12(2): 160.     CrossRef
• Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Protects Liver From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Up‐Regulating Small Heterodimer Partner in Kupffer Cells
  Dan Jin, Tianfei Lu, Ming Ni, Han Wang, Jiang Zhang, Chenpeng Zhong, Chuan Shen, Jun Hao, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski, Jianjun Zhang, Ning Xu, Yuan Zhai
  Hepatology Communications.2020; 4(4): 540.     CrossRef
• Toll-like receptors in sepsis-associated cytokine storm and their endogenous negative regulators as future immunomodulatory targets
  V. Kumar
  International Immunopharmacology.2020; 89: 107087.     CrossRef
• Small Heterodimer Partner Controls the Virus-Mediated Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting CREB-Binding Protein in the Nucleus
  Jae-Hoon Kim, Ji-Eun Yoon, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Tae-Hwan Kim, Md Bashir Uddin, Hyun-Cheol Lee, Yong-Hoon Kim, Jung Hwan Hwang, Kiramage Chathuranga, W.A. Gayan Chathuranga, Hueng-Sik Choi, Chul-Joong Kim, Jae U. Jung, Chul-Ho Lee, Jong-Soo Lee
  Cell Reports.2019; 27(7): 2105.     CrossRef
• Glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes liver innate immune activation by restraining AMP-activated protein kinase activation
  Haoming Zhou, Han Wang, Ming Ni, Shi Yue, Yongxiang Xia, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, Ling Lu, Xuehao Wang, Yuan Zhai
  Journal of Hepatology.2018; 69(1): 99.     CrossRef
• Cholangiocyte‐derived exosomal long noncoding RNA H19 promotes cholestatic liver injury in mouse and humans
  Xiaojiaoyang Li, Runping Liu, Zhiming Huang, Emily C. Gurley, Xuan Wang, Juan Wang, Hongliang He, Hu Yang, Guanhua Lai, Luyong Zhang, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Melanie White, William M. Pandak, Phillip B. Hylemon, Huiping Zhou
  Hepatology.2018; 68(2): 599.     CrossRef
• Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
  Won-Young Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62.     CrossRef
• Emerging roles of orphan nuclear receptors in regulation of innate immunity
  Hyo Sun Jin, Tae Sung Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
  Archives of Pharmacal Research.2016; 39(11): 1491.     CrossRef